The present invention discloses an explosion-proof box detection device and an explosion-proof box detection method. Wherein, the explosion-proof box detection device comprises a fixing table and a collision body. The fixing table is provided with a mounting portion for fixing an explosion-proof box, and the collision body and the fixing table are spaced apart, and the collision body is disposed opposite to inner wall of the explosion-proof box and the collision body can move close to the inner wall of the explosion-proof box. The explosion-proof box detecting device uses the collision body toperform collision to the inner wall of the explosion-proof box, thereby being closer to stress state when the explosion-proof box is subjected to an explosion shock during actual work, can effectively simulate impact of a radial direction single-point explosion on the explosion-proof box, and improves accuracy and reliability of detection.