The invention provides a roadbed train anti-seismic performance evaluation method based on three-dimensional wheel-rail contact, which comprises the following steps of: establishing a roadbed train three-dimensional finite element model according to design geometric parameters and material parameters; introducing the initial stress of the soil body structure into the subgrade train three-dimensional finite element model for initial working condition calculation to obtain an initial stress state of the model; after external load conditions are added to the roadbed train three-dimensional finiteelement model in the initial state, acquiring the seismic response of the roadbed train through calculation; and evaluating the seismic performance of the subgrade train by using the obtained wheel-track dynamic seismic response. According to the invention, the anti-seismic performance evaluation problem in the roadbed train design process is solved. The method is simple and easy to implement, the understanding of the train track coupling condition and the soil layer stress distribution condition is deepened. The design efficiency is improved. T he test randomness and capital investment are reduced. A powerful theoretical basis and scientific guidance are provided for more accurately and efficiently optimizing and designing the roadbed train system.