The invention discloses a gas-electric coupling system operation optimization method. The method comprises the following steps of a data reading step, a sample generation step, a population sample number judgment step, a maximum population algebra setting step, a population sample calculation step, a population sample judgment step, a genetic operation step, a population algebra judgment step andan optimal solution output step. Based on real-time requirements of natural gas loads and electric loads, management of energy is optimized. Based on the concept of an energy concentrator, an energy center model is established. The energy center model comprises an energy converter including a transformer, a combined heat and power generation unit, a gas-fired boiler, a heat pump and a lithium bromide unit in order to provide flexible energy flow paths. The target of minimizing cost of a gas-electric coupling system is set . The constraint conditions are set for equipment capacity and network flow.