The invention discloses a hydrogen storage tank operation system and method, and the system comprises the steps: installing terminal equipment in a hydrogen storage tank, and generating the position information of the hydrogen storage tank and the residual hydrogen amount information of the hydrogen storage tank; connecting a user terminal device and a service management platform server with a terminal device and receiving position information of the hydrogen storage tank and the residual hydrogen amount information of the hydrogen storage tank; enabling the service management platform serverto analyze the position information of the hydrogen storage tank and the residual hydrogen amount information of the hydrogen storage tank to form replacement application information and send the replacement application information to the user terminal equipment, and enabling the user terminal device to confirm the replacement information to the service management platform server; wherein a vehicle carrying device comprises a carrying terminal device connected with the service management platform server and used for carrying the hydrogen storage tank to a centralized hydrogen charging servicestation; and wherein a centralized hydrogen filling service station comprises a gas filling server connected with the carrying terminal device and used for carrying out replacement or hydrogen fillingtreatment on the hydrogen storage tank. The residual hydrogen amount can be monitored in real time, the hydrogen storage tank replacement time is saved, operation is convenient, and cost is saved.