The invention discloses a test vector generation and detection system and method for a multi-type test sequence. The system comprises a test vector generation unit and a test vector detection unit. The test vector generation unit comprises a test vector control unit and a test sequence generation unit; the test vector control unit is used for selecting and switching a test mode and configuring aninitial value of the filter; and the test vector detection unit is used for receiving the PRBS31 test sequence, the Patter1 test sequence and the Patter2 test sequence, descrambling the data obtainedby the receiving end, comparing whether the received test vector is a correct pseudorandom sequence or not, recording the number of errors and feeding back the number of errors. The PCS sub-layer testvector management method provided by the invention is stable and is suitable for a common high-speed Ethernet communication controller; the system can work in five test sequence modes of square waves, PRBS9, PRBS31, Pattern1 and Pattern2, the application range is wide, and the requirements of different Ethernet link test platforms can be met.