The invention provides a security policy rule matching method and device, firewall equipment and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps that after an IPV6 message is received, reading IPV6 address information carried by the IPV6 message; obtaining a preset acceleration table, wherein the acceleration table comprises a plurality of IPV6 address configuration items storedin a prefix tree and associated security policy rules thereof; and based on the prefix tree in the acceleration table, searching an IPV6 address configuration item matched with the IPV6 address information according to a longest prefix matching mode, and determining a security policy rule associated with the found IPV6 address configuration item as a security policy rule matched with the IPV6 message. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention can be well suitable for the IPV6 network environment, and can effectively improve the security policy matching speed of the IPV6 message.