The invention discloses an optical fiber resource management system and method. The optical fiber resource management system comprises an intelligent chip which is fixed at the end part of a pigtail,wherein matched identification codes are stored in the two intelligent chips arranged at the two ends of each pigtail; a data interaction device which is arranged in the optical transmission equipmentand an optical fiber distribution frame and is used for reading the identification codes of the intelligent chips on the tail fiber connected with the optical transmission equipment and the optical fiber distribution frame; and a management control system which is in communication connection with the data interaction device and is used for receiving the identification code read by the data interaction device, determining the first port information and the second port information corresponding to the received identification code and generating routing information according to the received identification code, the first port information and the second port information. According to the embodiment of the invention, the routing information of the target service can be quickly and accurately matched, and high-efficiency management of optical fiber resources is realized.