The invention provides an LTE and TETRA communication method and device based on E1, and the method comprises the steps: enabling a gateway to determine a group corresponding to a time slot for receiving a voice service according to a configured mapping relation when the gateway receives the voice service sent by a TETRA system through an E1 interface; determining whether the group receiving the voice service enters a call state or not, if yes, initiating a speaking right application, and transmitting the received voice service to a corresponding LTE host in the LTE cluster through an IP interface; otherwise, initiating the group call, and transmitting the received voice service to the corresponding LTE host in the LTE cluster through the IP interface. According to the method, the interconnection and intercommunication of LTE and TETRA can be realized under the condition that the method is not restricted by a system interface and a deployment mode.