Provided are: a hot-rolled high carbon steel sheet having excellent workability and excellent hardenability; and a method for producing this hot-rolled high carbon steel sheet. This hot-rolled high carbon steel sheet has a component composition that contains, in mass%, 0.10-0.33% of C, 0.15-0.35% of Si, 0.5-0.9% of Mn, 0.03% or less of P, 0.010% or less of S, 0.10% or less of sol. Al, 0.0065% or less of N and 0.90%-1.5% of Cr, with the balance made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities. In addition, this hot-rolled high carbon steel sheet has a microstructure comprising ferrite and cementite, while having a cementite density of 0.25 piece/mum2 or less, a hardness HV of 110-160 and a total elongation of 40% or more.