A double-heating-layer thermal insulation device for an SERF atom air chamber comprises an external heat insulation layer, an intermediate heating layer, an internal heating layer, a nonmagnetic heating plate, a temperature sensor and a digital PID control based heating system. The atom air chamber clings to the internal heating layer, the nonmagnetic heating plate and the temperature sensor are arranged in the surfaces of the internal and intermediate heating layers, and the temperature sensor collects a temperature electric signal and feeds back the signal to the digital PID control based heating system to realize heating control of the internal and intermediate heating layers. The large-power intermediate heating layer carries out heating for long time to realize 0.1 DEG C level of stable control for the internal system, the small-power internal heating layer carries out heating for long time to realize high-stability temperature control greater than 0.1 DEG C level for the atom airchamber, and the external heat insulation layer made of a polytetrafluoroethylene material can avoid temperature imbalance caused by high and low temperature impact.