The invention discloses a capturing and synchronizing method suitable for a high-speed frequency hopping system, which comprises the following steps: 1, dividing a TOD (Time Of Demand) of the high-speed frequency hopping system into a high-section TODH (Time Of Demand) and a low-section TODL, and generating a frequency hopping pattern according to the TODH; 2, performing frame synchronization according to the frequency points of the frequency hopping pattern to generate a frame synchronization sequence; 3, enabling the receiving end circularly to switch the frequency points, circularly searchin a sliding manner and capture frequency point information and relative positions of the frequency points; 4, calculating TODH relative time difference of the receiving end and the sending end according to the frame synchronization sequence, the relative positions of the frequency points and the frequency point information; and 5, adjusting the synchronization head of the receiving end accordingto the TODH relative time difference, so that the subsequent frequency point information is aligned with the frequency point information of the sending end, and the synchronization of the high-speed frequency hopping system is completed. According to the method, the problems of poor anti-interference capability, long capture time, low synchronization probability and the like are solved, and the optimal synchronization performance of the high-speed frequency hopping system is achieved while the anti-interference capability and the capture time are considered.