The invention relates to the technical field of information safety, and discloses a database data safety management method. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a database access request sent by a client, carrying out legality verification on the database access request, and sending the database access request to a key management system when the verification is passed; and receivingauthorization information returned by the key management system in response to the database access request, obtaining a data key according to the authorization information, and performing transparentencryption and/or decryption operation on a database file by utilizing the data key. According to the invention, transparent encryption and decryption operation is carried out by using the data key from the system file level, so that the quickness of data encryption and decryption can be ensured; and the permission of the data key is controlled through the key management system, so that the safety is considered under the condition of ensuring the data encryption and decryption rapidness. The invention further discloses a database data safety management system.