The invention discloses an intelligent comprehensive grounding state monitoring method and an intelligent comprehensive grounding state monitoring device applied to a traction power supply system. Theintelligent comprehensive grounding state monitoring method comprises the steps of: monitoring a rail return current and a ground return current of an intelligent grounding box, calculating a value of IR/IR+IG, and comparing the value with a reference value; measuring a ground return current line temperature TG and a rail return current line temperature TR by means of a temperature sensor in theintelligent grounding box, uploading the TG and the TR to a comprehensive automation system, and extracting the TG and TR when the IR/IR+IG reaches an alarm value; and extracting the TR, TG and IR/IR+IG by means of the comprehensive automation system at a moment when a short-circuit tripping signal is monitored, and uploading the TR and TG of the intelligent comprehensive grounding box to a scheduling duty room under the condition of the fault alarm. By adopting the intelligent comprehensive grounding state monitoring method, the comprehensive grounding state of the return-current system of the traction power supply system is monitored, whether grounding resistance and step voltage meet the requirements or not is calculated and checked, the safety of the traction return-current system is analyzed, the traction return-current system is monitored in real time, the safety of the traction return-current system is improved, and the operation safety of a track system is guaranteed.