The invention relates to a destructive camshaft structural strength comprehensive detection system, which comprises a main driving guide rail, an auxiliary driving guide rail, bearing and positioningbases, sliding blocks, a lifting and driving mechanism, a bearing bush, a durometer, a hard alloy stopper, a pressure sensor and a dial indicator, wherein the main driving guide rail is connected witha bearing frame by means of a turntable mechanism, the auxiliary driving guide rail is slidably connected with the main driving guide rail, the bearing and positioning bases are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the main driving guide rail, at least one sliding block is arranged on the auxiliary driving guide rail, and the upper end surface of each sliding block is connected with the bearing bush, the durometer, the hard alloy stopper and the dial indicator respectively by means of the lifting and driving mechanism. The use method comprises three steps of equipment assembly, conventional detection and destructive detection. The destructive camshaft structural strength comprehensive detection system is high in integration, modularization and intelligence degree, can achieve the purpose of efficiently and comprehensively detecting the camshaft structural performance, and is high in operation automation degree, high in data detection precision and easy and convenient in acquisition and identification of detection data during detection operation.