The invention provides a population dynamic measurement and calculation method and system automatically depending on an urban super-brain computing platform. The method comprises the following steps:S1, presetting a population type; s2, establishing an influence degree model of the spatial environment and spatial relationship of the urban spatial region relative to dynamic distribution of different population types; s3, collecting a certain number of samples of a real city space area; s4, respectively training the influence degree models established in the step S2 by utilizing the samples collected in the step S3; and S5, substituting the spatial environment and spatial relationship parameters of any real urban spatial region into the influence degree model trained in the step S4, and obtaining dynamic population distribution of various types in the urban spatial region. Scientific and targeted analysis and judgment of dynamic distribution conditions of different types of population are facilitated, the population quantity of urban space areas is predicted, and population density points are excavated.