The invention discloses a wall-climbing robot with adhesion and desorption mechanisms, and belongs to the technical field of automatic control. The robot comprises a robot body and N legs, the adhesion and desorption mechanisms are fixedly arranged at the tail end of each leg and the lower middle part of the robot body, and each adhesion and desorption mechanism comprises a sliding body, short rods, an adhesion material, guide pillars, a fixed plate and stop rings. The sliding body is fixedly connected with the robot body, and meanwhile the short rods are symmetrically arranged at the center of the sliding body and are connected with the adhesion material. The center of the adhesion material fits the fixed plate, and the vertical guide pillars are symmetrically fixed at the center of the fixed plate, and the other end of each guide pillar is fixedly connected with the stop ring. The sliding body moves up and down between the fixed plate and the stop rings in the axial direction of theguide pillars. The sliding body slides up and down to drive the short rods to rip apart the edges of the adhesion material, the robot lifts the legs, and then the whole adhesion and desorption mechanism is separated from a wall to go forward for a fixed distance. The wall-climbing robot is suitable for a variety of surface shapes and has firmer pasting and more stable movement.