The invention relates to a traffic management system and method of an emergency vehicle. The traffic management system comprises a vehicle-mounted system and a 110 rescue platform system, wherein vehicle-mounted system comprises a first controller, a voice receiving module, a camera, a positioning module, a first GPRS communication module and an alarm key are connected to the first controller, the110 rescue platform comprises a second controller, and a voice sending module, a second GPRS communication module, a navigation module, a display module, a control module and a traffic signal lamp are connected to the second controller. By the traffic management system, the driving line can be effectively and rapidly planned, time is saved, and the driving safety of the emergency vehicle is improved.