The invention discloses a tunnel damping method, an energy dissipation component applied by the tunnel damping method, and an application method of the component. According to the damping method, a plurality of sections are selected in the direction of a tunnel, and the energy dissipation components connected with a tunnel lining integrally are installed at different stress concentration positionsof each section at least. The energy dissipation component comprises a fixing barrel and an elastic assembly which is connected in an inner cavity and can be slide; the two ends of the elastic assembly are fixedly connected with pre-buried support steel plates in the tunnel lining, so that the energy dissipation components are connected with the tunnel lining rigidly; force can be quickly transmitted to the energy dissipation components when the tunnel lining is subjected to earthquake acting force, and the force is absorbed through elastic deformation of the energy dissipation components, sothat the damage capability of the earthquake acting force to the tunnel lining is reduced greatly; and the stability of the tunnel lining is ensured, and the safety factor and reliability of the tunnel are improved. In addition, the energy dissipation component can play a role in support and protection of the tunnel, and severe deformation of the tunnel is avoided.