The invention relates to an artificial light quantum retina and a construction method. The artificial light quantum retina is composed of a pick-up lens, a plurality of photoreceptor cells, a plurality of bipolar cells, a plurality of convex lenses, a plurality of ganglion cells and an optical-to-digital converter. A plurality of photoreceptor cells, a plurality of bipolar cells, a plurality of convex lenses and a plurality of ganglion cells are uniformly divided into N groups, the N photoreceptor cell groups are used as the visual field of the retina; the pick-up lenses are respectively connected with the collected photoreceptor cell groups; an optical signal is input through the pick-up lens; wherein each photoreceptor cell group corresponds to one bipolar cell group, each bipolar cell group corresponds to one convex lens and one ganglion cell group, an optical signal of each bipolar cell group is guided into one ganglion cell group through one convex lens, and optical signals of allganglion cell groups are guided into the optical-to-digital converter and are output through the optical-to-digital converter. According to the invention, the optical fiber is used for constructing the artificial light quantum retina, thereby achieving the simulation of animal and human retina information transmission, processing and image recognition processes.