The invention provides a method and device for establishing a spatial index file for vector elements. The method for establishing a spatial index file for vector elements comprises the steps: establishing a spatial index file according to the vector elements to be stored; establishing a space grid according to the data range of the vector elements, wherein the space grid comprises a plurality of sub-grids; establishing an element offset attribute table according to the sub-grids, wherein the element offset attribute table comprises element offsets used for representing the positions of the vector elements in the spatial index file; and packaging and storing the spatial index file, the spatial grid and the element offset attribute table. Vector elements are stored through the storage method, and then when subsequently, the vector elements are extracted, only the spatial index file needs to be searched according to the offset in the element offset attribute table, and the required vectorelements are extracted through the spatial index file, and the method for establishing the spatial index file for vector elements lays a foundation for subsequent quick query of the vector elements.