A Polar code rate matching method and a rate matching apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: dividing a system Polar code output by a Polar code encoder into system bits and parity bits; interleaving the system bits to obtain a first group of interleaved bits, and interleaving the parity bits to obtain a second group of interleaved bits; and determining a rate-matched output sequence based on the first group of interleaved bits and the second group of interleaved bits. System bits and parity bits are separately interleaved, to obtain a rate-matched output sequence, so that a sequence structure after interleaving is more random, which can reduce an FER, thereby improving HARQ performance, and ensuring reliability of data transmission.