A dust collection device (1) for removing fine particles from an atmosphere is provided with a filter (3), a blower (11), a dust removal device (7), and a pressure introduction device (9). The filter (3) removes fine particles from an atmosphere drawn into a filter chamber (5A). The blower (11) draws the atmosphere into the filter chamber (5A) and generates an air flow through the filter (3). The dust removal device (7) removes fine particles adhering to the filter (3). The pressure introduction device operates during operation of the dust removal device (7) and introduces an atmospheric pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure inside an air passage to the air passage downstream from the filter (3).