The present invention discloses a transmission method and device based on a management data input/output multi-source agreement. The method includes that: at least one frame is sent, and a host indicates, according to opcodes carried by the at least one frame, to perform a data reading operation or a continuous data reading operation or a data writing operation on an optical module; the at least one frame is used, during checking, for respectively calculating check values at the host and the optical module; it is determined, according to a result of comparison between the check values, whether the check values are correct, and it is decided whether it is needed to repeat the data reading operation or the continuous data reading operation or the data writing operation.