Techniques for reconstructing application-layer traffic flowing between client devices and a cloud computing platform are provided. In an embodiment, the method allows for non-intrusive reconstructing application-layer traffic including requests and responses even in cases including packet drops, re-transmitted packets, and jittered packets. The method includes saving received packets into a zero-copy queue and analyzing the packets saved in the zero-copy memory to identify their respective sessions. Then, each identified session is reconstructed into a session window having a configurable size. In an embodiment, each reconstructed session includes application-layer requests and responses; The method further includes for, each identified session, matching each application-layer request to a corresponding application-layer response based on a matching identifier and time-interval threshold.