The present invention refers to a detection device for the in vivo and/or in vitro enrichment of sample material, the detection device comprising a functional surface equipped with detection receptors. To further improve the enrichment of sample material by using a detection device of the aforementioned type, it is provided according to the invention that the functional surface has a three-dimensional structure with mutually facing functional sections which form spaces that can be filled with a sample liquid. Furthermore, the present invention provides for a use and for a method for the use of the detection device.