Disclosed is a method of producing graphene, which includes bringing a metal catalyst into contact with hydrogen gas (Step a), bringing the metal catalyst in Step a into contact with at least one selected from among a hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen gas, and an inert gas (Step b), and forming graphene on the metal catalyst by bringing the metal catalyst in Step b into contact with hydrogen gas and a hydrocarbon gas (Step c), whereby the number of layers of graphene can be variously controlled as needed, regardless of the initial surface roughness of a metal catalyst layer, and also, the time required to form graphene can be shortened, thus reducing processing costs.