A two-dimensional VCSEL array may include a VCSEL array including a VCSELs arranged in a two dimensional matrix forming a monolithic structure, a light-emitting surface, and a rear surface, first metal contacts provided on the light-emitting surface; and second metal contacts provided on the rear surface. The VCSELs may be arranged in first lines in a first direction and second lines in a second direction non-parallel to the first direction. Each of the first metal contacts may be electrically connected to each VCSEL of a corresponding first line. Each of the plurality of second metal contacts may be electrically connected to each VCSEL of a corresponding second line. The first metal contacts and second metal contacts may be arranged such that each combination of a first metal contact and a second metal contact is electrically connected to one VSCEL.