A plugged honeycomb structure includes: a pillar-shaped honeycomb substrate having a partition wall base material that defines a plurality of cells serving as a through channel of fluid; a plugging portion disposed at open ends of predetermined cells at an inflow-side end face of fluid and at open ends of residual cells at an outflow-side end face of fluid; and a porous trapping layer disposed at least at a surface of the partition wall base material of the residual cells. The partition wall base material is formed by a base material porous body including cordierite as a main phase, the trapping layer is formed by a trapping layer porous body including cordierite as a main phase, and a part of the trapping layer penetrating into pores formed at the partition wall base material has a thickness of 0 to 20 μm.