A method for uploading data of a cell panel monitoring system and a cell panel monitoring system are provided. The method includes: collecting parameter information of each string of photovoltaic cells in each of a plurality of cell panels of a photovoltaic system; modulating the parameter information into a pulse carrier signal; and loading the pulse carrier signal to a busbar of the photovoltaic system, where the busbar is connected in series with each of the cell panels; where parameter information of the cell panels is obtained by a server of the photovoltaic system through demodulation on receiving the pulse carrier signal, data uploaded in a preset time difference ΔT is determined as valid data, remaining data is discarded, and the server is connected in series in the busbar. A cell panel monitoring system is further provided.