The invention provides a neurokinin 3 receptor (NKR3) antagonist for use in the treatment, prevention or amelioration of hot flushes in a human subject, for example a menopausal woman or a patient undergoing cancer therapy which affects secretion of sex steroids. The invention also provides a NKR3 antagonist together with a further active agent, and a composition and a kit comprising a NKR3 antagonist and a further active agent. The invention further provides a NKR3 agonist or exogenous NKB for the induction of hot flushes in a human subject.