A walking assistance device may include at least one walking assistance unit configured to assist a user in walking; and/or a controller configured to control, based on a walk pattern of the user, the at least one walking assistance unit to produce torque only in at least one assistance period needing walking assistance in a walk cycle. A method of controlling walking assistance may include: calculating a walking assistance time using a difference between a start time and a termination time of an assistance period needing the walking assistance in a walk pattern; and/or assisting a user in walking when the assistance period begins, by producing torque for the walking assistance time.