A calibration structure for calibrating optical measuring devices is provided. The calibration structure includes a plurality of zones adjoining one another in a plane, wherein the zones adjoin one another along straight lines and/or curved lines and the calibration structure has both zones adjoining one another along straight lines and zones adjoining one another along curved lines, wherein the zones adjoining one another along straight lines or the zones adjoining one another along curved lines have respectively mutually different optical properties. Furthermore, a calibration method for calibrating the optical measuring devices by the calibration structure is provided.