The water treatment system (S) according to the present invention includes an electrosorption unit (E) comprising a body (G); a polluted water inlet (1) for supplying water received from the water source into the body (G); a clean water outlet (2) for discharging water received from the polluted water inlet (1) out of the body (G), after it is purified from foreign materials contained therein; at least two perforated plates (4) positioned in the body (G) such that at least one of them is close to the polluted water inlet (1) and at least the other one is close to the clean water outlet (2); and at least two electrodes (3) which are located in the body (G), with an insulating layer (6) in between, and which collect, through electrosorption method, foreign materials contained in the water received from the polluted water inlet (1) thereon, when electrical potential is applied, and which include activated carbon, and at least one power source (8) supplying to at least one of the electrodes (3) of the electrosorption unit (E) an electrical potential in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 V and to at least the other one, an electrical potential in the range of −0.5 to −1.5V.