A pallet conveying apparatus includes a first and a second guide rails separated in a vertical direction, an endless first circulation belt provided along the first and second guide rails, a first pallet feeding part configured to convey the pallet by rotating the first circulation belt engaged with the pallet, and a first pallet moving part provided at one end sides of the first and second guide rails, wherein the pallet is engaged with an upper side of the first circulation belt when moving along the first guide rail provided on a vertically upper side while being engaged with a lower side of the first circulation belt when moving along the second guide rail provided on a vertical lower side.