The present invention relates to a composition for fertilizing desert land and making it agricultural, characterized in that it comprises animal excrement, plant waste, bentonite in an amount greater than 10%, essential macronutrients, essential micronutrients, agricultural sulphur, algae and effective microorganisms. The invention will be of use in agriculture, in particular for increasing the yields of soils that are not very fertile, such as deserts which form most of the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. Deserts are among the only lands which are not polluted because of overgrazing and the exhaustive use of chemical fertilizers. It is therefore essential to respect these lands and to limit the pollution thereof. The composition according to the invention comprises animal and plant waste. The recycling of this agricultural waste contributes to improving atmospheric and soil pollution by limiting the burning of waste that is harmful to the environment and to human health. The composition also makes it possible to combat global warming, in particular by recycling the waste and saving water, 80% of the use of which is for agriculture in developing countries. By creating new agricultural lands, it will be possible to create jobs and the food sufficiency of this country will be improved. The use of the present composition falls within an approach of sustainable development and green technology.