A method of generating a ray tracing acceleration structure includes transformatively mapping locations of object primitives in a three dimensional first space into Morton codes indicating respective locations of the primitives along a meandering linear path through the first space; determining a Morton distance indicating a difference between a first Morton code corresponding with a first primitive and a second Morton code corresponding with a second primitive; generating an acceleration structure to include nodes representing portions of the first space and adaptively adjusting a reference level of the acceleration structure, based on the Morton distance between primitives; and dividing the first space using a first division method when a level of a first node of the acceleration structure which corresponds to the first space is lower than the reference level, and dividing the first space using a second division method when the level of the first node exceeds the reference level.