A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving an MPEG-2 TS-based media file are provided. In the method of transmitting an MPEG2 Transport Stream (TS)-based media file, a Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) of a Presentation Unit (PU) is mapped to a Media Presentation Time (MPT) for synchronization with other media with respect to at least one program element forming a program included in the media file; and synchronization information including the mapped media presentation time is transmitted together with the media file, wherein the media presentation time is provided for a first PU in a segment of the transmitted media file.