A light-emitting element includes: a semiconductor structure; light-reflecting electrodes; a first insulating film having: one or more first n-side openings and one or more first p-side openings; one or more interconnect electrodes on an upper surface of the first insulating film; a first electrode on the upper surface of the first insulating film; a second electrode on the upper surface of the first insulating film; a second insulating film having: one or more second n-side openings and one or more second p-side openings; a first external connection portion; and a second external connection portion.