A rotational speed detection device is provided that can detect the rotational speed of a rotating object with high precision by readily controlling a relatively inexpensive and compact optical device, and has a lower cost and a smaller size with maintained or improved detection precision of the rotational speed of the rotating object. The rotational speed detection device includes a light emitting unit (5), a light receiving unit (6), a received light data obtaining unit (13), and a rotational speed calculation unit (15) that calculates the rotational speed of a rotating object (3). The rotating object (3) has an irregular uneven portion (3A) on a rotating surface thereof. The received light data obtaining unit (13) obtains time-series data of received light data of light reflected by the uneven portion (3A). The rotational speed calculation unit (15) calculates the rotational speed of the rotating object (3) from the periodicity of the time-series data.