The present invention relates to a nano-silicon composite negative electrode material, including graphite matrix and nano-silicon material homogeneously deposited inside the graphite matrix, wherein the nano-silicon composite negative electrode material is prepared by using silicon source to chemical-vapor deposit nano-silicon particles inside hollowed graphite. The nano-silicon composite negative electrode material of the present invention has features of high specific capacity (higher than 1000 mAh/g), high initial charge-discharge efficiency (higher than 93%) and high conductivity. The preparation process of the present invention is easy to operate and control, and has low production cost and is suitable for industrial production.