A graph compression system includes a memory unit to store graph data, and an electronic hardware controller in signal communication with the memory unit. The electronic hardware controller determines a distribution of a set of vertices in a graph, and encodes each vertex included in the set of vertices as a variable length integer (VLI) that includes a variable number of bytes. The variable number of bytes of each vertex is based on the determined distribution. Accordingly, the memory unit stores each vertex having been encoded according to the distribution of the set of vertices in the graph.