A distributed network node operation system based on an operation control unit. The operation system operates on a network node and interacts with a data link layer, and includes: an application interface unit, a network information management unit, a file unit, a task scheduling unit and a device drive management unit. The application interface unit packages the services provided by the file unit, the task scheduling unit and the network information management unit into an interface for interacting with the protocol stack management unit; the network information management unit interacts with the data link layer to perform link scheduling for transmitting information and updating node data; the file unit manages and stores file information; the task scheduling unit manages hardware resources; the device drive management unit manages underlying device application drives, and invokes different protocol stack library functions through different application drives.