Selective high-frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side affects and associated systems and methods are disclosed. In particular embodiments, a programmer has instructions that, in response to an input, select between at least first and second sets of therapy signal parameters, the first set including a frequency of less than 1.2 kHz and generating a paresthesia-inducing electrical therapy signal, and the second set including a frequency in a range from 1.5 kHz to 50 kHz and generating a non-paresthesia-inducing electrical therapy signal.