Provided is a fluorine-containing diblock copolymer having good water and oil repellency by using, as a raw material, a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylic ester having low bioaccumulation potential. The fluorine-containing diblock copolymer is produced by: process (A) a process for producing a fluorine-containing diblock copolymer by polymerizing a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylic ester represented by the following formula (1) in the presence of a trithiocarbonic ester compound and a radical polymerization initiator and then polymerizing a non-fluorine vinyl-based monomer, or process (B) a process for producing a fluorine-containing diblock copolymer by polymerizing a non-fluorine vinyl-based monomer in the presence of a trithiocarbonic ester compound and a radical polymerization initiator and then polymerizing a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylic ester represented by the following formula (1).