A radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission system includes at least one baseband unit (BBU) connected to a core network of a service provider that provides a mobile Internet service, an optical line terminal (OLT) configured to convert a radio signal received from the at least one BBU into an optical signal, an optical distribution network (ODN) comprising an optical fiber and an optical splitter, at least one optical network unit (ONU) configured to receive the optical signal from the OLT via the ODN and convert the optical signal into a radio signal, and at least one remote radio head (RRH) configured to receive the radio signal from the at least one ONU and output the radio signal via a plurality of antennas.