Systems and methods for throughput enhancement including asynchronous neighbor discovery among ultra-low power wireless network devices are provided. Specifically, techniques for discovering neighboring wireless devices within an energy-harvesting and/or energy constrained wireless communication network are provided such that the wireless devices are able to discover the greatest number of neighboring devices without exceeding the energy that they have accumulated by, for example, harvesting ambient sources or their allocated energy budget (e.g., battery/capacitor levels). Such devices are capable of transmitting and receiving data such as discovery messages and alternate between different operation states (e.g., listen, sleep, transmit) and are able to compute transitions rates in a centralized and/or distributed manner using either homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless devices.