This invention relates to compositions, and methods of use thereof, for (i) enhancing executive cognitive function(s) (for example, decision making, planning, working memory, multitasking, judgment, numerical problem-solving, reading comprehension), and/or (ii) increasing blood flow in brain vasculature, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, certain polyphenols such as flavanols, procyanidins, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof.