Provided are a thermosetting resin composition which is soluble in a general-purpose solvent and which can obtain a cured product (cured film) having high optical transparency to the ultraviolet region (approximately 300 nm) from the visible region, and a polyamide-imide resin suitable for use in preparing the thermosetting resin composition. Specifically, provided are an alcohol-modified polyamide-imide resin, which is obtained by reacting an isocyanurate type polyisocyanate (a1) synthesized from an isocyanate having an aliphatic structure with a tricarboxylic anhydride (a2) to prepare a polyamide-imide resin (a), and then reacting the polyamide-imide resin (a) with an alcohol compound (b); a curable resin composition containing the polyamide-imide resin; and a cured product of the curable resin composition.