Provided herein are polymers and methods for their use in binding a phosphate containing biological macromolecules. Specifically, the methods and uses provided herein may be used to inhibit thrombin binding to polyphosphate or as an antithrombotic agent for the treatment of stroke, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, venous and arterial thromboembolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), peripheral artery disease, trauma-induced coagulopathy, extracorporeal circulation, cancer-associated thrombosis, sepsis, septic shock, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), or inflammation.