The present invention discloses a method for lightning stroke identification and location on optical fiber composite overhead ground wire. In the method, according to the property that the lightning stroke will cause a sudden temperature rise at the lightning stroke position on the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire, optical fiber resources in the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and the high-sensitivity detection and high-precision event locating capability of a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor can be fully utilized. The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is connected to a spare optical fiber in the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire, and the corresponding relation between the geographical position of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and the distributed temperature curve is established, and then the temperature data at the same position in the temperature curve at different moments are respectively compared to extract a sudden temperature change area. In addition, the temperature change of several positions adjacent to the sudden temperature change area in the temperature curve are compared to exclude interference factors in temperature measurement, so as to determine that the sudden temperature change is caused by instant heating from an external factor, namely the lightning stroke, and finally, the lightning stroke is identified and located in combination with the change of counting data of a lightning arrester.